Production process of Shuikoushan zinc ingot

1. zinc ingot production

1.1 The nature of zinc

Chemical name: Zinc formula: Zn relative atomic weight 65.409.

Blue and white shiny metal. Hexagonal crystal structure. Harder than tin and softer than copper . It is often made into various shapes such as rods, sheets, powders, and granules. It is stable in dry air and forms a white basic carbonate in moist air to resurface. When heated to 100 to 150 ° C, it becomes ductile, and when it is 210 ° C, it becomes brittle and easily pulverized. Burning a blue-green flame in the air. It can be slowly eroded by sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, and the reaction accelerates when an oxidizing agent or a small amount of other metal ions such as copper, nickel , and cobalt are present. Soluble in nitric acid, soluble in dilute acid and alkali hydroxide solution, slowly dissolved in acetic acid and ammonia water and can react to release hydrogen. Flammable (zinc powder).

Zinc is a blue-white metal. The density was 7.14 g/cm 3 and the melting point was 419.5 ° C. At room temperature, the property is brittle; when it is 100 to 150 ° C, it becomes soft; after it exceeds 200 ° C, it becomes brittle.

The chemical nature of zinc is active. In the air at normal temperature, a thin and dense basic zinc carbonate film is formed on the surface to prevent further oxidation. When the temperature reached 225 ° C, zinc oxidation was intense. When burning, it emits a blue-green flame. Zinc is easily soluble in acid, and it is also easy to displace gold, silver , copper, etc. from solution.

Main oxidation state: +2, others: +1

1.2 Application of zinc

Mainly used for zinc steel, metallurgical, mechanical, electrical, chemical industry, medicine and military.

Since zinc tends to form a protective film on the surface at room temperature, the largest use of zinc is in the galvanizing industry. Many non-ferrous metals and zinc can be alloyed with the alloy composition in which the zinc aluminum, copper or the like, are widely used in pressure casting. Zinc and brass consisting of copper, tin and lead are used in machinery manufacturing. Containing a small amount of lead and cadmium zinc plate like element can be made of manganese dry battery anode zinc, zinc printing plate, corrosion Powdered photographic plate making offset printing plates and the like.

1.3 Production principle and process

1.3.1 Production principle

Modern zinc smelting methods are divided into two categories: fire method zinc smelting and wet method zinc smelting. Pyrometallurgical zinc smelting includes flat tank zinc smelting, vertical tank zinc smelting, electrothermal zinc smelting and closed blast furnace zinc smelting, and wet zinc smelting or electrolytic deposition zinc smelting. Compared with pyrometallurgical zinc, wet zinc smelting has the advantages of high metal recovery rate, good product quality, good comprehensive utilization, low energy consumption, good environmental protection and low cost. In recent decades, Especially after the successful use of hot acid leaching (or high temperature and high acid leaching) - jarosite (or goethite) iron method, wet zinc smelting has developed very rapidly, and has achieved zinc smelting. Overwhelming advantage.

1.3.2 Process

The fourth smelting plant uses the advantage of wet zinc smelting.

The first step is zinc leaching and iron immersion. This step requires a leaching tank and a filter. If a secondary hot acid leaching is required, a hot acid leaching tank is required. The obtained zinc sulphate solution enters the next step.

The second step is to purify the zinc sulphate solution. This step requires purification to remove copper, cadmium, cobalt and chlorofluorocarbon. This step requires mechanical stirring tank and filter press. The purified zinc sulphate solution is taken to the next step.

In the third step, the zinc sulfate solution is electrodeposited, and zinc is precipitated on the cathode and manually peeled off.

1.3.3 Flow chart of wet zinc smelting process