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A very long time, domestic hydrocyclone very few varieties, only two types of whole cast iron and lining of diabase; specifications rarely, only three or five; quality is relatively poor, do not wear, and the lack of automatic control device, therefore, the work process hydrocyclone difficult to adjust, is not functioning properly, the classification efficiency is poor, so in addition to the case of ore processing plant in Yunnan tin companies better conditions and a few other non-ferrous metals outside use, most did not use the beneficiation plant, iron ore processing plant is basically not.
Until the early 1980s, Liaozhong introduced advanced hydrocyclone production technology from American RS Company to manufacture Krebs hydrocyclones, water-mediated cyclones and heavy medium cyclones with rubber lining. As well as the cyclone group, the variety and specifications of hydrocyclones produced in China have increased, and the quality has also increased to a new level. At the same time, a new type of cyclone has been developed in China. At present, compared with foreign countries, the domestic hydrocyclone has gradually increased in structure type and variety specifications, and the gap with the international advanced level has narrowed, and some have reached the international advanced level.
In the past 10 years, the number of manufacturers of hydrocyclone production in China has increased, which indicates that it is being promoted and applied. The varieties of domestic hydrocyclones are: rubber-lined, polyurethane-lined, diabase-lined stone, monolithic cast iron, all-polyurethane, all-glass-steel. Among them, the hydrocyclone with rubber lining and polyurethane lining is very promising. It is generally popular at present. The small and medium-sized hydrocyclone made of polyurethane is a new variety. It is also popular because it has many advantages. Ordinary monolithic cast iron, lining cast stone and all-glass steel hydrocyclones are gradually being eliminated due to their shortcomings such as non-wear, heavy or disposable.
The main manufacturers of hydrocyclone in China are Liaozhong and Weihai Haiwang Cyclone Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Weihai Haiwang, former Weihai Whale Garden Polyurethane Factory), other manufacturers include Xinhai Mining Machinery, Changsha Mining and Metallurgy Institute, Kunming Jinshan, Ninghua Mining Machinery, Qunying, Yankuang, Shicheng Selected, Yunxi Dayu Wear-resistant Equipment Factory (hereinafter referred to as Yunxi Dayu Wear-resistant Factory), various minerals, etc.
The specifications of domestic hydrocyclone range from 10 to 1200 mm in diameter and a total of more than 10 specifications. These are commonly used specifications and initially meet the needs of the domestic mineral processing industry. The specifications of the hydrocyclone are expressed in terms of the diameter (mm) of the cylindrical cylinder.
1. Liaozhong plant produces Krebs-type rubber and integral cast iron hydrocyclone, ordinary monolithic cast iron hydrocyclone, lining diabase cast stone hydrocyclone, grading cyclone, water meridian Flow, heavy medium cyclone, Krebs hydrocyclones and heavy medium cyclone.
Krebs type rubber and integral cast iron hydrocyclone, the working surface is soft wear-resistant rubber and gray cast iron, the ore mouth is involute shape, the diameter of the grit chamber can be adjusted with compressed air. They are widely used in the classification of mineral processing and other industrial sectors.
Heavy medium, water and classifier cyclones are also new equipment manufactured by the company from the United States RS company to introduce advanced technology. Its working surface is made of hard nickel white cast alloy cast iron, the hardness of which is ≥600HB. The service life of the main body of the cyclone and the overflow pipe is 3 years, the service life of the grit chamber of the classifier cyclone is 6-10 months, and the service life of the grit chamber of the heavy medium cyclone is 4-6 months. They are selected in the main coal process equipment.
The common advantages of the various cyclones produced by the above introduced technologies are simple structure, convenient installation and maintenance, wear resistance and long service life. They have all been certified by American RS company, and the product quality has reached the quality standard of similar products in the United States.
(1) Krebs type rubber-lined hydrocyclone. The technical performance is listed in Table 1. The shape and installation dimensions are shown in Figure 1.
(2) The overall cast iron hydrocyclone. The technical performance is shown in Table 2. The shape and installation dimensions are shown in Figures 2 and 3.
(3) Lining diabase cast stone hydrocyclone. The technical performance is shown in Table 3. The shape and installation dimensions are shown in Figure 4.
(4) Classification cyclone. It is mainly used in the heavy medium coal preparation process, and the weighting agent (magnetite particles) is classified according to the particle size. The technical performance is shown in Table 4. The appearance and installation dimensions are shown in Figure 5 and Table 4.
(5) Water-mediated cyclone. Its main structural feature is that the cylindrical cylinder is relatively long, while the conical cylinder is short. It is mainly used to remove sulfur in the form of pyrite in the end coal of 0. 5~Omm, and can also be used for classification work. The technical performance is shown in Table 5. The shape and installation dimensions are shown in Figure 6 and Table 5.
(6) Heavy medium cyclone. It is mainly used for sorting 0. 5~50mm of end coal, which is installed at about 300 level with the horizontal plane. The technical performance is shown in Table 6. The shape and installation dimensions are shown in Figure 7 and Table 6.
(7) Krebs type hydrocyclone group. It is composed of several standard hydrocyclones, which adopts the centralized feeding mode, and the slurry distributor supplies the slurry uniformly to each cyclone. The manual gate valve is used to control the ore supply of each cyclone, and the respective overflow and grit are collected in the overflow tank and the grit chamber. Using the automatic control system, the compressed air of 200~784kPa is introduced to adjust the diameter of the grit port. The main technical performance of the Krebs hydrocyclones is shown in Table 7. The cast iron cyclone set in this table can also be made into a rubber-lined cyclone set. In addition, the hydrocyclone set can be designed according to user requirements.
(8) Heavy medium cyclone group. It is a combination of several heavy medium cyclones. It uses a centralized feeding method to uniformly supply a uniform mixture of raw coal and heavy medium suspension from the ore distributor to a single heavy medium cyclone. The sorted clean coal is sorted. And the stone is discharged by the overflow pipe and the bottom pipe respectively. The main technical performance of the heavy medium cyclone group is shown in Table 8. The single heavy medium cyclone in the table is used as a control. In addition to the ones listed in the table, the heavy medium cyclone group can also be designed according to user requirements.
2. Ninghua Mining Machine The factory produces hydrocyclone for classification and short cone hydrocyclone for sorting. It is divided into unlined and lining. The lined hydrocyclone is lined with a polyurethane wear layer. The grit nozzles of all cyclones are made of polyurethane, and the fastening method is adopted. It does not need to be stopped when replacing. It only needs to be replaced in 1~15s. Therefore, it is very convenient to use and repair. The outline of the graded hydrocyclone is shown in Figure 8, and its technical properties are listed in Table 9.
3. Other plants Yunxi Dahao wear-resistant factory now produces two kinds of ordinary hydrocyclones, which are equipped with non-metallic wear-resistant materials. The hydrocyclone with non-metallic wear-resistant material lining can extend the service life by 30 times. . The technical performance of the plant's hydrocyclone is shown in Table 10. The technical performance of the hydrocyclones selected for production in Kunshan Jinshan, Qunying and Shicheng are listed in Tables 11-13.
4. Minerals The hydrocyclone produced by the plant and its technical performance are listed in Table 14, the appearance is shown in Figure 9, and the installation dimensions are listed in Table 15.
5. Wang Weihai plant according to needs of the industrial sector of metallurgy, petrochemical, building materials, etc., in the digestion of similar foreign products on the transplant in early 1980 started to develop polyurethane hydrocyclones, has basically form the product series, the main Technical performance is listed in Table 16. Recently, the plant has successfully developed large-scale polyurethane hydrocyclones of OO5OOmm and Ф660mm and achieved good results in industrial applications.
   Table 1  Table 2   table 3  Table 4   Tables 5 and 6   Table 7  Table 8   Table 9   Tables 10, 11, and 12
   Table 13 , 14   Table 15  Table 16
   figure 1  figure 2  image 3  Figure 4  Figure 5   Figure 6
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In recent years, the company has developed and produced a number of new structures and new-purpose cyclones and obtained national utility model patents. It has become a major manufacturer of cyclones in China. Here, the grading and concentration cyclone is mainly introduced, and various media cyclone for coal preparation are introduced in the special equipment for coal preparation.
The main features of the company's grading, concentration and dehydration universal hydrocyclone (cyclone group) are: 1 novel structural combination, reasonable flow path design, high internal surface finish, improved cyclone Grading efficiency and grading accuracy; 2 complete specifications, minimum diameter of 10mm, maximum of 660mm, grading granularity of up to 2μm; 3 selection of wear-resistant materials optimized combination, best performance and price ratio; 4 easy to replace overflow pipe and sink The sand nozzle and its spare parts inventory bring great convenience and guarantee to the on-site commissioning and maintenance; 5 can be designed separately for the user according to the separation granularity and processing capacity; 6 The cyclone group adopts a circular arrangement to ensure each swirl The working condition of the device is the same, and the angle and height of the suitable grit chamber can ensure the smooth discharge of the grit and prevent splashing. 7 The wear-resistant material is used to treat the inner wall of the flow-through member, which can improve the service life.
The polyurethane hydrocyclone produced by the plant is generally composed of three parts, namely an upper body (top cover), a cone (usually divided into an upper cone and a lower cone), and a grit nozzle. The components are connected by clamps, the sealing effect is good, and the installation is simple, and the replacement of each component is simple and rapid, and is convenient for maintenance. In particular, the wear parts such as sanding nozzles, in addition to the wear resistance of the polyurethane cheese itself, have also been adjusted to further improve the wear resistance and extend the service life.
Ф125, Ф200, Ф250 and Ф300mm polyurethane hydrocyclones have been widely used in the oilfield drilling mud decontamination and purification process, with good results, extending the service life of the butyl rubber cyclone by 5~10 times, and its quality has reached the United States. The level of similar products. Ф300mm polyurethane hydrocyclone was used in the tailings dam of Luzhong Mining Company's concentrator in 1987. The tailings were graded and deslimed. The effect is good. The service life of the main parts of the cyclone can still be used after 22500h. The service life is about 2000h, and in April 1991 passed the ministerial appraisal. In short, the polyurethane hydrocyclone is a new type of wear-resistant graded desliming equipment, which can be widely used in various classification operations after appropriate improvement of its structural parameters. It has the advantages of light weight, wear resistance, oil resistance, corrosion resistance, sound insulation and heat insulation. It is widely used in metallurgy and chemical industry.
The outer dimensions of the Ф125 and Ф300mm polyurethane hydrocyclones are shown in Figure 10.
6. Changsha Mining and Metallurgy The CZ high-efficiency cyclone developed and produced by Changsha Mining and Metallurgy Institute is a kind of equipment that is classified or separated according to particle size and density. The material to be classified is fed at a high speed from the inner wall of the cylinder in a tangential direction. The mixture of medium and particles is rotated to form a centrifugal force field. Particles (or liquid phases) of different particle sizes and different densities produce different trajectories, in centrifugal force and medium viscosity. Under the action of resistance, buoyancy, gravity and other force fields, coarse particles and large-density particles move to the periphery and are discharged from the grit chamber through the cone; fine particles and low-density particles (or liquid phase) move toward the center, and overflow The flow tube is discharged; thereby achieving a coarse subdivision of solid particles and separation of fluids of different densities.
Scope of use: grading operation with mill closed circuit; multiple grading with fine screen closed circuit; tailing mine dam, staged desliming before filling; sand removal operation in non-metallic mineral processing; sorting before re-election, Desliming operation; auxiliary concentration operation before tailings high concentration transportation; oil-sand, oil-water separation operation in oil production industry.
Technical features: The arc of the entrance mine adopts double arc design, which can significantly reduce the imported wear and keep the flow line stable; the inner lining adopts the CNU wear-resistant material developed in cooperation with Ukraine; the long column and variable cone design increase the effective The grading space, long-term industrial practice shows that the overflow size of the CZ-type cyclone is finer, the qualified fraction of the grit is reduced, and the classification efficiency is 10%~20% higher than that of the ordinary cyclone.
The main technical parameters of the cyclone are listed in Table 17.
7. Yantai Xinhai Wear-resistant Rubber Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Xinhai Rubber Industry) and Xinhai Mining Machinery Co., Ltd. The hydraulic cyclone produced by the company uses Linatex rubber lining with excellent performance and wear resistance, and adopts specially designed fishtail. The device is used to stabilize the underflow concentration and improve the classification efficiency.
The general characteristics of the hydrocyclone are: the specially designed feed pipe has low resistance and good flow state, which is beneficial to improve the classification efficiency; compared with the inverted U-bend discharge pipe, the horizontal overflow discharge pipe can be more Effectively empty the material; the overflow chamber discharge port can be rotated in one direction to any direction for easy installation; long column, long graded stroke, improved classification efficiency; high wear-resistant Linatex rubber lining, longer service life; The replacement lining allows the grit nozzle and the entire cyclone to be used for a long time; the specially designed fishtail device provides stable underflow concentration and improved classification efficiency.
Specially designed fishtail device: The traditional hydrocyclone uses a discharge grit nozzle, which is a fixed or temporarily fixed discharge port. Once the material properties, ore pressure, ore concentration and concentration change slightly, It will obviously affect the emission concentration of the underflow. The fishtail unit provides a stable underflow concentration and greatly reduces the chances of coarse particles entering the overflow, improving classification efficiency. With the fish tail device, the concentration of the underflow discharged is also the highest among all current cyclones, and does not make the overflow run coarse. This provides a good guarantee for the use of hydrocyclone grading in the first stage of the grinding circuit. The fishtail device is the company's patented product. It is only briefly described as follows: The height difference between the bottom of the fishtail device and the final discharge of the overflow should be higher than 1.85m, which will cause siphoning. The siphon phenomenon will form an upward suction force in the cyclone, thereby pulling the elastic rubber of the fishtail device, and the change of the suction force can change the fishtail rubber piece, and the size of the discharge port is changed, thereby adjusting the rotation. The working state of the flow device. The feed size change of the cyclone can also cause the shrinkage and closure of the fishtail device to ensure that the classification efficiency and the underflow concentration are in a stable state.
Linatex cyclone with underflow adjustment, for a wide range of applications, such as grading for grinding circuits, tailings dewatering, heavy media separation, desliming, sand classification and washing, pulverized coal and fly ash dewatering, Increase the concentration and so on.
The company's hydrocyclone with fishtail device is shown in Figure 11, 150~450 Figure 11 The hydrocyclone with the fishtail device (Xinhai Rubber Industry) and the 600~1200 standard cyclone are shown in Figure 12, respectively. 13, 13 and Tables 18 and 19, the specifications of the fixed wear-resistant grit nozzles and manually adjusted grit nozzles and fishtail devices are shown in Figures 14-16.
The high-efficiency hydrocyclone produced by Xinhai Mining Machine is a high-performance cyclone with new structure size, with involute type feeding port, long column, short cone, metal casing with replaceable lining, easy Replacement of overflow pipe and grit nozzle, high wear-resistant sintered silicon carbide material lining, compared with ordinary cyclone, can improve the classification efficiency by 10%-20% (thus the ball mill efficiency can be increased by 40%, power consumption And ball consumption is reduced by 20%-40%), most of the wearing parts have a service life of more than 12 months. The technical parameters are listed in Table 20. In addition, the technical parameters of the JAX type polyurethane hydrocyclone produced by the company are listed in Table 21.
8. Kunming Yeyan New Materials Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Kunming Yeyan Research Institute) The patented water-sealed cyclone and cyclone produced by the company have the following characteristics: 1 solid-liquid two-phase flow field eliminates the harmful effects of air column Influence, the separation speed is doubled, the wedge-shaped rotating body controls the classification accuracy; 2 In addition to the high-efficiency cone centrifugal force field, the pressure grading field and the pressure concentrating field are added, and the grading efficiency is improved by the combination of the three fields. %; the size of the grit nozzle is larger than the feeding port. As long as the feeding port is not blocked, the grit nozzle is not easy to block, which fundamentally solves the technical difficulties of obstruction and wear of the grit nozzle which has not been solved for a long time, and the normal work has a reliable guarantee. . 3 wear-resistant materials use silicon carbide, long service life.
These two kinds of cyclones are widely used, and are indispensable equipment for grading, deliming, slag removal and concentration of non-ferrous metals, ferrous metals, non-metals, and slime concentrators. Aluminum oxide is also used for classification, grade aluminum; Desanding milk of lime, slag; Chemical centrifuge dewatering operation before concentration, concentration ratio of up to 5 to 8 times; solids control in drilling mud, grit removal, viscosity reduction, off Go to 2 micron cement. The technical parameters are listed in Tables 22 and 23, respectively.
  Table 17  Table 18  Table 19  Table 20, 21  Table 22, 23
   Figure 7  Figure 8  Figure 9  Figure 10  Figure 11  Figures 12 and 13  Figure 14  Figure 15, 16