N=C ( n production - α ) The above formula is a representative expression of the following formulas, so the following formulas can be written separately:    Yield N γ ≤ n - α for    Yield N ε ≤ n - α for    N β ≤ 2 (n yield - α as) In the middle   N - the number of original indicators required to calculate the process (excluding the number of raw ore indicators);       N γ - the number of yield indicators required to calculate the process;       N ε - each product is required when calculating the number of metal recovery process targets;       N β - the number of grade indicators of the metal in the product required for the calculation of the process;       n production - the total number of selected products required for the calculation process;       α 作—the number of sorting operations required to calculate the process;       C - The final product item of the calculation process or the number of items based on the weight of the material and one or more of the valuable ingredients in the material. Precautions 2. gold processing plant all kinds of original indicator selection The number of original indicators N required for the calculation process can be composed of different numbers of yields, recovery rates and grade indicators. However, only the product weight and grade indicators can be obtained in the process test. The yield and recovery are based on the product weight and For the calculation of the grade, the selection of the indicators is as follows: 1 ) In the process inspection, the original index selected is not the weight of the ore concentrate, but the weight of the intermediate product is generally not used as the original index. For the convenience of processing, the other products are all grade indicators. For the purpose of checking, the grade index of 1 to 2 intermediate products can be taken more than necessary and sufficient. 2 ) In the non-selection operation, the grades of the products are quite different (such as the grinding and grading operation of the gold concentrator), and it is necessary to indicate the grade change of each product in the operation. When the original index is selected, the grinding classification The work should be treated as a sorting operation and the product should be treated as a sorting product. 3 ) When there is re-election operation or amalgamation operation in the gold beneficiation process, a certain amount of cost is generated, and because of its small weight ( γ = 0 ), one grade index can be reduced. Wearing Parts For Plasma Cutting OUTER RETAINING CAP Wearing Parts For Plasma Cutting,Cutting Torch Wear Parts Changzhou Edaweld Trading Company Limited , https://www.edaweld.com
This brass cap holds all the consumables onto the torch head.
It should only be replaced if there is visible damage such as slag build-up, dents or burns (on either opening), or if it is difficult to thread onto the torch head.
New Outer Retaining Cap
New
Worn Outer Retaining Cap
Requires Replacement
What`s wrong with this one? The top edge is dented and there is slag build-up on the lip. Both of which could cause the shield cap to not fit properly.
SHIELD CAP
Although the shield cap is not consumed by the plasma arc, due to its close proximity to the work piece it is susceptible to damage from torch crashes and pierces made too close to the plate.
As its name implies, the shield cap funnels the shielding gas for the purpose of additional nozzle cooling and improved cut edge squareness.
The orifice in the shield cap is crucial to edge cut quality, so it should be replaced when it becomes burnt, bent, or otherwise out of round.
An abrasive hand pad (not sand paper) can be used to remove splatter (slag) that has built-up on the shield cap.
Always inspect O-rings for possible damage such as nicks, cracks and tears. Make sure O-rings are properly lubricated using the manufacturer`s recommended lubrication. Refer to the manufacturer`s operator manual for lubrication specifications.
New Shield Cap
New
Worn Shield Cap
Requires Replacement
What`s wrong with this one? While the slag build-up could be removed with an abrasive pad, the orifice is out of round and cannot function effectively.
INNER RETAINING CAP
This piece has a copper body with a pressed-on insulator ring for seating into the shield cap.
The purpose of the inner retaining cap is to circulate coolant around the outside of the nozzle, and to distribute gas to the shield cap through tiny holes in the insulator ring.
This piece is not consumed by the plasma arc and can easily last up to 30 or more electrode replacements.
Replace only if the orifice is burnt, bent, out of round, or if the tiny holes in the copper body or insulator ring are plugged.
New Inner Retaining Cap
New
Worn Inner Retaining Cap
Requires Replacement
What`s wrong with this one? The orifice is out of round and the insulator ring is damaged.
NOZZLE
The copper nozzle channels the swirling plasma arc through a small orifice that varies in diameter depending on the amperage of the consumable. When new, this orifice will be perfectly round with a clearly defined sharp edge. This feature is the key to optimal cut quality.
Under normal cutting conditions, expect to use two nozzles for each electrode to maintain the highest cut quality.
The nozzle should be replaced when the orifice begins to wear out of round on either the outer or the inner bore. There may be some light swirl marks on the inside of the nozzle caused by arc starting, but this is not a cause for replacement.
Always inspect O-rings for possible damage, such as nicks, cracks and tears. Make sure O-rings are properly lubricated using the manufacturer`s recommended lubrication. Refer to the manufacturer`s operator manual for lubrication specifications.
New Copper Nozzle
New
Worn Copper Nozzle
Requires Replacement
What`s wrong with this one? The orifice is too out of round to function effectively and the sharp edge of the orifice has been eroded.
SWIRL RING
The swirl ring is machined from a high temperature resistant material such as Vespel® or ceramic, and is, therefore, not consumed by the plasma arc.
It serves as both an insulator between the electrode and nozzle, and a vessel to create the swirling action of the plasma gas needed to create precision cuts.
Care must be taken to ensure the small holes remain free of dirt and debris, and it should be replaced if any cracks or chips are detected.
Always inspect O-rings for possible damage such as nicks, cracks and tears. Make sure O-rings are properly lubricated using the manufacturer`s recommended lubrication. Refer to the manufacturer`s operator manual for lubrication specifications.
New Swirl Ring
New
Worn Swirl Ring
Requires Replacement
What`s wrong with this one? The small holes are plugged with debris.
ELECTRODE
The electrode can be made of copper or silver, or a combination of both, and contains a separate emitter rod insert, made of either hafnium or tungsten. The emitter rod offers less resistance to current flow than copper, which prevents the electrode from burning up while the high current arc is generated.
As long as the plasma arc is on, the emitter rod is being consumed. Eventually, it will reach a depth which will allow the arc to jump directly to the end of the electrode. This will result in an immediate blow out which will also destroy the nozzle and shield cap, and could also damage the torch head.
New Electrode
New
Worn Electrode
Requires Replacement
What`s wrong with this one? The wear depth (or pit depth) exceeds the allowable limit.
The safety zone for emitter wear depth is approximately 0.040" (1.02mm) for copper electrodes and 0.1" (2.54mm) for silver electrodes.
Always inspect O-rings for possible damage such as nicks, cracks and tears. Make sure O-rings are properly lubricated using the manufacturer`s recommended lubrication. Refer to the manufacturer`s operator manual for lubrication specifications.