Soil heavy metal pollution remediation method and material

With the acceleration of human activities, soil heavy metal pollution in farmland has become more and more common and more and more serious. This consequence of soil pollution is the lack of soil nutrient fertility. Measurement of contaminated farmland with soil nutrient quickness meters can be developed. Therefore, how to do a good job in soil remediation is an important topic before us.

Most of the organic materials used for soil remediation are agricultural wastes, which can be used to avoid environmental pollution and to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, thereby reducing agricultural costs. The application of organic materials can improve soil structure and increase soil nutrients, thereby promoting the growth of crops and the development of sustainable ecological agriculture.

At the same time, the use of organic materials can reduce the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals by crops, and mitigate the threat of heavy metals to human health through the food chain. Therefore, research on the use of organic materials to enhance the use of heavy metal-contaminated farmland and improve the safety and yield of crops is of practical significance.

On the one hand, when the content of heavy metals in the soil exceeds a certain range, it will affect plant growth. Tao Minghao and other studies found that in the 5 mg L-1 culture solution of CdCl2, the photosynthetic and respiratory effects of Amaranth edulis increased temporarily, and they showed a clear fall state. With the extension of treatment time, the damage damage became more obvious. Studies have also shown that the greater the concentration of Cd in the culture medium, the earlier the phenomenon of plant damage appears. On the other hand, heavy metals can enter the human body through the food chain. When the accumulated concentration in the body reaches a certain threshold, it will be toxic to humans, such as the “disease” incident caused by the consumption of cadmium rice in Japan.

At present, the main methods for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils are physical engineering methods, biological methods, and chemical methods. The physical methods include the soil method, soil changing method, and earth-moving method. The cost of control is high and the implementation is complicated. It only applies to small-scale and heavily polluted areas. Biological remediation refers to the use of certain biological habits to adapt, suppress and improve. Heavy metal pollution.

Although the cost is low and the implementation is convenient, the efficiency is not high, and it is often specific. The chemical treatment method uses chemical substances to reduce the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil so as to achieve the treatment and repair of contaminated soil. It includes leaching, application of modifiers and the like. The chemical leaching method has low cost and large amount of treatment, but it will lead to the destruction of soil structure, soil nutrient loss and groundwater pollution. The modifier method refers to the change of heavy metals in the soil and the reduction of heavy metals by adding some modifiers (such as organic materials, alkaline materials, phosphates, clay minerals, etc.) to passivate ions such as ion exchange, adsorption, and precipitation. Soil mobility and biological effectiveness. The improved agent method has a good practical application prospect due to its advantages of convenient material acquisition and wide application range.

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