·The quality upgrade of refined oil products raises four major concerns

Xinhuanet Beijing May 7 (Reporter An Zhen) The State Council executive meeting recently held a special national action to accelerate the upgrading of refined oil quality. According to the new timetable, from January 2016, the region supplying the country's five standard vehicles for gasoline and diesel will be expanded to 11 provinces and cities in the east; the time for supplying the country's five standard vehicle gasoline and diesel will be one year ahead to January 2017. From July 2017 and January 2018, respectively, the country's comprehensive supply of national four, national five standard ordinary diesel.
As a result, the speed of oil product upgrades has triggered a high degree of concern in the society. Who will pay for the oil product upgrade? What is the significance of managing smog? Are the cars suitable for oil upgrades ready? Can "high price" buy "quality"?
Concern 1: Who will pay for the cost?
In September 2013, China announced the upgrade of the quality of gasoline and diesel products to the fourth and fifth stage price adjustment standards: the quality of gasoline and diesel oil in various regions was upgraded to the fourth stage, and the price per ton was increased by 290 yuan (about liters per liter). .21 yuan), 370 yuan (about 0.32 yuan per liter); when upgrading to the fifth stage, the price increase of 170 yuan and 160 yuan per ton.
This means that as the quality of oil products in various regions escalates, the prices of gasoline and diesel will increase, and the price of gasoline will increase by up to about 3 cents per liter.
"The price policy for upgrading oil quality has been put in place, and all localities have been seated in accordance with this policy in implementation." The relevant person from the National Development and Reform Commission told reporters that the announcement of the price policy in advance also gave the society sufficient expectations and preparations.
The state has previously made it clear that the refined oil price is reasonably determined in accordance with the principle of reasonable compensation costs, high quality and good prices, and polluter pays. The price increase standard of the National Development and Reform Commission is also determined according to the principle that the refining enterprise digests part of the cost and the consumer bears part of the cost. The enterprise will bear about 30% of the cost increase.
The reporter learned from PetroChina that the increase in product costs brought about by oil upgrades mainly includes the increase in depreciation and other expenses brought about by new investment, and the increase in costs such as energy consumption, material consumption and hydrogen consumption caused by hydrodesulfurization treatment.
A survey of upgraded refineries has shown that refinery equipment investment in renovation and transformation of at least several hundred million yuan. The reporter learned from PetroChina that in order to complete the upgrading of the national four-steam and diesel fuel, PetroChina has rebuilt 45 projects with a total investment of 22.8 billion yuan.
“The cost of different refineries is different, so it is difficult to calculate accurately.” Dong Xiucheng, director of the China Oil and Gas Industry Development Research Center of China University of Petroleum, said that the government can only seek relative discounts through accounting, and between the producers and consumers. Make an assessment.
Concern 2: What is the role of governance smog?
With the frequent occurrence of smog, the impact of oil quality on the environment has caused more and more attention.
Tests have shown that about 20% of PM2.5 in some urban air comes from motor vehicle exhaust. The Science and Technology Standards Department of the Ministry of Environmental Protection has previously stated that after testing, even if the existing vehicles are not modified, using gasoline and diesel that meet the fifth-stage standard, the pollutant emissions in the vehicle exhaust will be reduced by 10%.
According to the estimation of PetroChina, the quality of vehicle gasoline and diesel in the eastern region was upgraded from Guosi to Guowu in January 2016, after deducting the consumption of some upgraded key cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, according to the calculation of 90 million tons of vehicle steam and diesel upgrades. It is expected to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions by about 0.69 million tons. In January 2017, the quality of vehicle steam and diesel in other regions of the country was upgraded from Guosi to Guowu. According to the calculation of 120 million tons of vehicle steam and diesel, it is estimated that the sulfur dioxide emissions will be reduced by about 0.91 million tons. In January 2018, the country's comprehensive supply of five standard diesel fuels, according to the calculation of 60 million tons of firewood, is expected to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions by about 36,000 tons.
“For large cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, exhaust emissions from motor vehicles may be an important cause of air quality, but three factors: car, oil and road are all playing a role.” The relevant person from the Ministry of Environmental Protection said that the quality of oil products should be accelerated. The pace of upgrading is undoubtedly one of the important means of improving air quality. However, effective management of smog requires various measures to promote and promote changes in energy production and consumption patterns.
Concern three: oil upgrade, is the car ready?
China has released the five standards for automobile emission in September 2013. Compared with the four standards of automobile emission countries, the automobile national five standards further raise the emission control requirements, in which the nitrogen oxide emission limit is strictly 25% to 28%, the particulate matter emission limit is 82% strict, and the pollution control new The number of particles of the indicator particles.
According to the regulations at that time, taking into account the principle of “car and oil fitting”, the national five standards were fully implemented on January 1, 2018. Light-duty vehicles can be produced according to new standards from the date of publication of the National Five Standards. The motor vehicle is seriously polluted and there are places where standard conditions are implemented. The standard can be implemented before the national approval.
"The speed of oil quality upgrade will change the problem of the previous 'car and other oil', greatly speeding up the promotion of the national standard model." An industry insider told reporters.
The upgrading of oil emissions standards for vehicles has been criticized by society. Previously, the national four standards for light gasoline vehicles were implemented on July 1, 2011, but the corresponding oil products were only available on January 1, 2014. The disconnection of diesel oil is even more serious.
Han Xiaoping, chief information officer of China Energy Network, suggested that all localities should have a certain transition period when they explicitly implement the timetable for the implementation of the National Motor Vehicles Five Standards, leaving a reasonable time for the automobile manufacturing and inventory digestion.
Concern 4: Can "high price" buy "quality"?
The quality of oil products has been upgraded. Can the quality of oil products sold at gas stations be guaranteed? Can consumers buy “high quality” if they spend “high price”?
Dong Xiucheng said that China's supervision of the quality of refined oil products is relatively scattered. The production department is responsible for the quality supervision department. The access is handled by the commercial department, while the circulation department is responsible for the industrial and commercial department, and the supervision cost is high.
Industry insiders have called for the protection of consumers' high prices for high quality. It is necessary for all regions and relevant departments to strengthen the quality supervision of oil production, wholesale and retail links, strict market access management and product quality supervision and inspection, and severely crack down on quality violations.
At present, a considerable part of China's refining capacity comes from local refining companies. "To ensure that this part of the refining capacity is upgraded in compliance, it is also necessary to abandon local protectionism and strengthen the responsibility of local governments in quality supervision," said Zhou Da, an energy expert.

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