Tiangong 1 carries a hyperspectral imager

The successful launch of the “God 10” is another exploration of space by China, and the people of the country are once again proud and proud. Today, China's No. 10 will be docked with Sky One. Many people are eager to know which instruments the Tiangong-1 is carrying, hyperspectral imagers, sensors, instrument glass, etc., so that Tiangong No. 1 can successfully cooperate with Shenzhou No. 10 Realize docking.

Tiangong-1 payload instrument

The hyperspectral imager is one of the payloads on the Tiangong-1. During the on-orbit operation, several application units used its “eye-catching eyes” to conduct geological surveys, exploration of minerals and oil and gas resources, forest monitoring, hydrological and ecological monitoring, environmental pollution monitoring and analysis, and achieved fruitful results.

It was jointly developed by the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is the highest spatial resolution and spectral comprehensive index in China. It can realize the features of nanoscale spectral resolution and its features. The nature of imaging detection has reached the advanced level of similar international remote sensors in terms of spatial resolution, band range, number of bands, and classification of objects.

The relative traditional multispectral remote sensing is limited by the number of spectral channels and the spectral resolution. Hyperspectral remote sensing can reflect the differences in the interaction between different surface materials and electromagnetic radiation by continuously measuring the spectral signals adjacent to the ground features. Therefore, in the agricultural situation monitoring, There are enormous potentials for applications such as crop estimation, land and resources surveys, environmental assessments and monitoring, urban dynamic change monitoring, and geological surveys. Arranging hyperspectral remote sensing and ground observation on the Tiangong-1 target aircraft mainly uses the characteristics of the hyperspectral imager's 'Mapping Unity', as well as its advantages in surface coverage recognition and spectral features contained in ground features. .

In forestry, hyperspectral imagers have broad application prospects in forest cover mapping and change monitoring. Since remote sensing can obtain a large range of data, remote sensing data can be used to better estimate forest biomass and carbon storage. In addition, hyperspectral imagers play an important role in forest fire prevention. At present, China's forest fire prevention is mainly applied to satellite data with medium and low spatial resolution and high temporal resolution. It is very sensitive to large areas of fire, but it is usually difficult to detect open flames in the early stage of combustion. Tiangong-1 hyperspectral imager can simultaneously acquire data of different spectral ranges to better meet the needs of China's forest fire warning and rescue.

Tiangong 1 instrument glass can withstand high temperature

Ordinary glass and even ordinary quartz glass will be black and opaque under high-intensity cosmic radiation, which will result in mis-positioning control. When the technology was completely blank, in 1987, Academician Gu Zhenan and his research team began to use the hard bones of radiation-resistant quartz glass. Through several years of research and trial and error, the doping inside the high-purity quartz glass was solved. The technical problems have overcome many technical difficulties such as high-temperature melting heterogeneity and cosmic ray irradiation. In 1995, "irradiated quartz glass" was first applied to satellites and achieved good results. The glass used in Tiangong No. 1 made new improvements in the subsequent heat treatment and other processes, greatly improving the product yield.

If we compare the Tiangong 1 to a bird, then the aircraft must rely on resources as easily as the birds can fly over mountains and rivers and transform various flying postures in the air. The advanced composite composite material bearing cones in the resource cabin advancement subsystem are the important structural parts of Tiangong No.1. The Tiangong-1 space laboratory resource module includes engines and power supply devices to provide orbit and attitude control, electrical energy supply, thermal control and environmental control, to provide power for orbital maneuvers, and to provide energy for flight. However, the main bearing structural parts of the resource cabin propulsion subsystem have large external dimensions, the structural space and structural weight that can be allocated are small, the load conditions are harsh, and the technical difficulties in design and manufacturing are relatively large.

Similarly, the mounting bracket of the transmission shaft of the application space optical camera structure is also mainly made of carbon fiber composite material, and is composed of a carbon fiber spindle, a countershaft shaft cover, a base, and a titanium alloy bushing. Because of its higher dimensional stability, the main structure is made of high modulus, low expansion coefficient carbon fibers.

Remote sensing monitoring aircraft implementation docking

Marine remote sensing is one of the key technologies that have made significant progress in marine science in the late 20th century. The National Satellite Marine Application Center interprets and extracts the hyperspectral remote sensing data of Tiangong-1 for the monitoring of coastal information and sea ice information, and also addresses land use, coastal wetlands, intertidal zones, shoreline changes, protected areas, Oil platform monitoring and other information were mapped.

In the field of digital land use monitoring, most of the current spectral data is limited by space and spectral resolution, and it is difficult to meet actual needs. Tiangong-1 hyperspectral imager has higher spectral resolution and has certain advantages in category subdivision.

Researchers at the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth at the Chinese Academy of Sciences used Tiangong No. 1 hyperspectral data to monitor urban land use types in Tongzhou, Beijing, and compared them with other sources of remote sensing data during the same period. "Comparison shows that the Tiangong-1 hyperspectral data classification results are more subtle and can clearly identify main roads, small rivers, field boundaries, etc." said Liu Liangyun, a researcher at the Institute of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences.

Another payload carried on the Tiangong-1 target aircraft—the space environment monitoring and physical detection equipment was developed by the Space Science and Applied Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Its main function is to comprehensively monitor the parameters of high-energy charged particle radiation and orbital atmosphere environment and provide space environment. Forecasts, research on the mechanism of space environment change, and the safety and security of target aircraft, spacecraft, and astronauts provide quasi-real-time monitoring data.

The set of equipment consists of charged particle radiation detectors, orbital atmospheric environment detectors and space environment control units consisting of a total of three instruments. Among them, the charged particle radiation detector is the first instrument to carry out multi-directional charged particle detection in the near-Earth orbit. The detector breaks through key technologies such as multi-directional sensing, multi-sensing integration, and anti-jamming, and provides basis for realizing real-time monitoring and alarm of particle radiation in space and study of particle distribution and change laws, and also enables China's high-energy particle radiation detection technology. Realize leapfrog development.

The orbital atmospheric environment detector employs multi-probe and other combinations to monitor the orbital atmospheric density, composition, micro-mass and its spatial-temporal distribution in real time, while simultaneously combining the functions of atomic oxygen and other space environmental pollution effect monitoring functions. These functions are for the target aircraft. The implementation of spacecraft orbit, attitude control, and precise orbital transformation provide important guarantees.

Combined with the probe data, the space application system has carried out research on the use of measured atmospheric atmospheric density to correct the predicted value of the atmospheric density model and the mid-term prediction study of the solar and geomagnetic activity index. These research results are directly applied to the Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-9 manned rendezvous. Docking mission space environment forecasting improves the accuracy of orbital atmospheric density prediction and serves for high-precision orbit forecasting.