The function and maintenance of surface hole in construction machinery

Construction machinery has many holes on the outside of the machine body. Due to its simple structure, it is easily overlooked in the use and maintenance process. However, it is often the poor maintenance of these holes that often leads to mechanical failure and even affects the service life of the construction machinery.

1. Types and Functions of Surface Holes in Construction Machinery (1) The main function of the vent holes is to adjust the internal air pressure of each part to avoid the failures caused by vacuum or high pressure, such as poor oil paths, damaged oil seals, or poor oil quality.

(2) The main role of the water discharge hole is to put the cooling water in the machine parts during the winter maintenance to avoid freezing of the machine parts. Generally, these holes are located in the lower part of the machine.

(3) Inspection hole Inspection of the effluent condition of the inspection hole allows inspection of the operation or sealing inside the body.

(4) The heat-dissipating holes dissipate the heat inside the body to prevent the components from working abnormally due to the high temperature of the components.

(5) Drain holes are used to remove the dust entering the filter air and reduce the filter pressure.

2. Common Faults of Various Holes (1) Tank Cover Vent Hole This hole is used to adjust the air pressure to ensure that the pressure inside and outside the tank is balanced. If this hole is blocked, it will cause a vacuum in the tank, which will result in insufficient oil pumping, making it difficult for the engine to start or the power to drop.

(2) Crankcase filler cap vent hole This hole is used to remove the exhaust gas that enters the crankcase and acts as a heat sink. If it is seriously blocked, it will cause the crankcase pressure and temperature to be too high, the oil leaking from the oil pan seal gasket or the filler port, at the same time, the engine oil will be thinned and oxidized.

(3) The vent hole on the gearbox is used to adjust the air pressure to prevent the pressure inside the gearbox and the temperature being too high. If the hole is blocked, the working temperature of the transmission will increase, the gas will expand, and the internal pressure will be too high, which will easily cause the transmission to leak oil.

(4) The vent hole on the drive axle bridge is used to adjust the air pressure inside the bridge bag. If the air hole is blocked, the pressure in the body will rise, and the lubricant will leak from the final reducer and the semi-shaft oil seal, gasket, etc. Lack of oil lubrication, intensified gear wear.

(5) Batteries Refill mouth cover Vent holes are used to regulate the internal air pressure of the livestock battery. During the working process of the battery, internal pressure and temperature will increase. If the hole is blocked, the charge and discharge efficiency of the livestock battery will be affected, and even the battery will explode.

(6) The main function of the cooling hole of the hydraulic pump transmission box is to rapidly dissipate the heat generated during the work process and ensure that the temperature of the transmission box does not rise too fast. If this hole is blocked, it will cause the pump transmission box to overheat, accelerate engine oil deterioration, and affect the normal operation of the transmission box.

(7) The torque converter housing inspection hole is used to discharge the heat generated when the torque converter operates, and it can also be used to observe the seal of the oil seal in the torque converter. If oil overflows from this hole, it means that the oil seal is not strict enough to cause oil leakage. If this hole is blocked, the torque converter will overheat.

(8) The drain hole on the side of the engine body is used to eliminate the cooling water in the cylinder block. If it is blocked, the cooling water in the cylinder body will not be discharged, and in the winter, it is easy to cause the body to crack.

(9) The inspection hole and discharge hole inspection hole of the pump housing are used to monitor the working condition of the water seal between the impeller and the housing; the drainage hole is used to exclude the water retained in the housing when the pump stops working. If it is blocked, this water will not be discharged into the bearing housing, thereby accelerating the damage of the bearing. In addition, if the drain is not clean in winter, it may also freeze the pump.

(10) The drain hole of the oil cooler is used to remove water from the cooler housing. Due to the low position of this small hole, it is more easily overlooked, and if it is blocked, it can easily cause cracks in the oil cooler housing.

(11) The small hole of the pump body under the high pressure pump is used to determine the oil level of the pump body oil to ensure that the 1/2 of the bearing is immersed in the oil. When the high-pressure pump is working, diesel leaks into the oil chamber at the bottom of the high-pressure pump. At this time, the viscosity of the oil changes and the oil level rises. Oil above the oil level will be discharged from this hole. If this hole is clogged, the lubrication of the pump bearing will be damaged and the wear will be aggravated, causing early damage to the high-pressure pump. If this hole is excessively oil-exhausted and has a diesel smell, it indicates that the high-pressure pump plunger has worn out.

(12) Air filter dust cover The air exhaust hole is mainly used to remove dust from the air. If it is blocked, the dust in the air can not be removed in time to affect the filtering effect, increase the intake resistance, and the engine will cause power drop due to the reduction of the intake air volume.

3, maintenance precautions (1) the use of maintenance personnel to fully grasp the construction machinery appearance of a variety of holes in the number, location, role and maintenance methods, the inspection hole to be diligently observed; on the exhaust hole, cooling holes to be dredge; The drain hole should ensure that it is open when it is open, and broken when it is broken. It cannot be neglected because of its simple structure, so as not to cause minor failure and cause other failures.

(2) Various holes on the surface of the construction machinery are basically exposed to the mechanical appearance and are affected by the environmental conditions. Therefore, maintenance and maintenance of the construction machinery can not be limited to regular maintenance intervals. According to the specific working environment conditions, Diligent and ground cleaning, can not wait until its complete loss of effect on the normal use of the machine before maintenance.

(3) Pay attention to the effect of surface holes on the mechanical properties. Observe the effect of the resistance of these holes on the machine at ordinary times, and sum up the relationship between the quality of the holes and related failures, so as to better use these holes to judge the mechanical failure.