70% to 80% of the kaolin produced in China is used for ceramics and refractory materials. Most of them use raw ore directly, and low-grade refractory materials. Suzhou Suzhou Kaolin Mine is a soft kaolin with high grade and can be directly used in industry. Its hand No. 1 mud is more than 10 times higher than the hand No. 4 mud. Therefore, it is required to protect high quality soil during mining and protect the purity of the original ore. In order to make it not to be crumb-like, in the past, many manual mining and mining were carried out on the mining face. Now the mining scale is large, but in order to connect with the hand-selected factory, it is still necessary to pay attention to the selection. The raw ore price of kaolin is quite different. For example, the original ore price of kaolin in Suzhou is 230 yuan/t, the original ore price of Fujian Longyan Kaolin Company is 90 yuan/t, and the original ore price of Qingshan white mud mine in Wuxian is 203.5 yuan/t. Selection of mining methods and mining processes. Guangdong Maoming kaolin is a sandy kaolin, water and water transport, mainly produces paper-based coating grade kaolin, there is no problem of the sale of raw ore, and its low-grade products are used for ceramics and fillers. In recent years, calcined kaolin is very popular in domestic and foreign markets, general domestic coal-based hard rock kaolin (clay) obtained by deep processing, hard rock kaolin (clay) because it is common and associated coal which is mined by The mining situation of coal and its own occurrence are determined by the comprehensive utilization department of the Ministry of Coal. It has not been mined separately in China, and will not be mentioned below.
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Luoyang Hong Xin Heavy Co., LTD. is located in Luoyang Xin'an Industrial Park, Luoyang Hongxin Heavy Machinery Co., Ltd is an enterprise featured with industrial designing, processing and manufacturing, which is qualified for import-export trade. Covering an area of 15,000 square meters and holding an annual production value of 80 million RMB, the company of 20 million RMB registered capital has total 100 staff members, among which there are 20 engineering technicians owning senior and medium professional titles and 40 intermediate and senior technicians capable of product designing and developing.
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China's kaolin mining methods and mining scales Kaolin mining methods are open pit mining and underground mining. Weathered residual kaolin mines are open-pit mining, such as Maoming's sandy kaolin. Other hydrothermal alterations and sedimentary deposits are used for open pit mining and deep underground mining.
There are many mining sites using open pit mining, but most of them are small and medium-sized mines. The large ones include Fujian Longyan Kaolin Company, Guangdong Maoming Kaolin Company, and Guangdong Maoming Southern Kaolin Company. Open-pit mining has been used in the Yangxi mining area and the Yangdong mining area of ​​the former Suzhou China Kaolin Company. The scale of underground mining is: Jiangsu Yangxi shaft, Guanshan shaft, Baishanling mine in Yangdong and Qingshan white mud mine in Wuxian.
The division of mining scale uses two methods: one is based on the amount of ore; the other is based on the amount of concentrate, China's kaolin development and transportation.
Haulage open-pit mining of kaolin ore is used more three kinds: one for narrow roads and rail iron forge, with 7t, or 10t, 14t motor vehicle or traction 1m3 tub. The open-pit mining of Yangdong and Yangxi, formerly owned by Suzhou China Kaolin Company, has been used. The second is to use the sand pump to carry out hydraulic transportation with the water gun. The slurry is transported from the slurry tank located in the ore block to the selected plants, such as Guangdong Maoming Kaolin Company and Guangdong Maoming Southern Kaolin Company. Third, the road to develop automobile transportation, such as the Longyan kaolin mine in Fujian, is a weathered residual kaolin mineral kaolin, but because the water resources are not abundant, it is still developed by the general open-pit mining method, and the ore is taken from the mining face by the 17t dump truck. transported to the beneficiation plant. Another example is Guangdong Chaozhou Feitian Yanchong Mine, which also uses roads to develop automobile transportation.
The development of underground mining is divided according to the type of main roadway: First, the shaft is developed. For example, the Yangxi shaft of Suzhou China Kaolin Company is the lower shaft. The Guanshan mine under construction is the upper shaft; Wuxian Qingshanbai The deep mining of the mud mine is the use of the lower shaft. The second is the development of inclined wells. For example, the original Yangxi main inclined shaft project of Suzhou China Kaolin Company uses the inclined shaft of the chassis; the shallow mining of Qingshan Baimu Mine in Wu County also uses the inclined shaft of the chassis. The third is joint development. For example, the Yangshan Baishan Lingding, owned by Suzhou China Kaolin Company, is jointly developed by Pingyi-Blind Diagonal Well.
The main transportation roadway for underground mining is usually located in the bottom plate, 20-40m away from the ore body. The side of the ore body is provided with a ventilation inclined shaft to form a diagonal ventilation system. The stage height is generally 25~40m. The kaolin mine in the underground mining project has great speciality. The ore firmness coefficient f=1～2, soft and brittle, plasticity, plasticity index in natural state, water absorption and swelling after water contact. It also has water-tightness and is a typical plastic medium, which is a plastomer. Underground mining activities are basically carried out in the plastic zone and the plastic zone. The ground pressure characteristics of the roadway after excavation in the ore body. 1) The surrounding rock has a large amount of deformation and rheological properties. For example, the underground mine of Suzhou China Kaolin Company, the stope is supported by a partitioned wooden shed, the section is 1.6m×1.8m, the spacing of the wooden shed is 0.6～0.8m, and the subsidence of the roof of 7～12d is 50～60cm, almost 7～15d. It will need to be renovated once. It is required to support the roadway immediately after excavation.
2) In the deformation activity, it is accompanied by volume expansion due to the water absorption property of kaolin. As its water content continues to increase, it also causes its physical state changes, from solid to semi-solid, and has been fragmented. Therefore, in addition to plasticity, it has the characteristics of "loose". 3) The kaolinite ore body contains montmorillonite, and the montmorillonite is easy to swell after water absorption. In the deformation of kaolin, there is also the influence of smectite water swelling, and the content of montmorillonite should be emphasized. 4) The influence of stope dynamic pressure on the lower mining lane can be ignored. The local action of dynamic pressure is often consumed by the deformation of kaolin without being transmitted.
The inner roadway should be closed and supported. According to the elastoplastic theory, the pressure inside the plastic zone is equal to the top pressure. In this case, from the perspective of optimal force performance, circular support should be adopted. However, the actual measurement proves that the lateral pressure in the plastic medium is generally slightly less than the top pressure, and it is possible to design an elliptical or elliptical lane.
In the stratified roadway in the mining area, due to the particularly large pressure of the mining site, the application of a flexible circular stone support in the mine of Suzhou China Kaolin Company has been successful, and no mortar is needed for the stone support. 1~1.5cm thick wood block, after the support, due to the compressibility of the wooden block, the peak pressure of the ground is consumed in the deformation energy of the support, so that the ground pressure is stabilized. At home and abroad, there are also areas with particularly large ground pressure. A prefabricated prefabricated piece of concrete prefabricated or reinforced concrete is used with such flexible support, but not with a stone.
China's kaolin mining technology Open-pit mining mines are small in scale and are excavated by hand or wind. The narrow-gauge railway is used for transportation. Because the mine car is short, it can be loaded by manual loading, and the stripping is still carried out by rock blasting. The original Suzhou Chinese kaolin The shallow mining of the Yangdong and Yangxi mining areas affiliated to the company has been used. Large-scale mine ore is directly excavated by excavators, such as WK-2 excavator for Fujian Longyan Mine and WY-32 electro-hydraulic excavator for Zhanjiang Hawthorn Mine. After digging, it is loaded into the dump truck and sent to the concentrator, such as the 17t dump truck used in Fujian Longyan Mine and the 10t dump truck used in Zhanjiang Mountain Mine. Rock rock blasting method for hard rock stripping, for example, the Longjing Mine CLQ-80A crawler type Drilling Rock Drilling Rock, ammonium nitrate explosive blasting, and then loaded with dump trucks by excavator to the dumping site. Peeling of the topsoil, excavator backhoe excavation and loading are also useful for bulldozers to collect the pile first, and then use the excavator to load the car. Sandy kaolin can be used in water and water transportation, such as Guangdong Maoming Kaolin Company and Guangdong Maoming South Kaolin Company. The water resources are rich and the water is abundant. Water delivery. The ore is washed by a water gun, and the slurry passes through the rushing ditch to the collecting tank. The slurry pool is arranged in the middle of the nugget, one for each nugget. The pulp conveying pump is transported to the roughing plant through a 250 mm diameter plastic pipe. The technical performance of the water gun is shown in Table 4.22.21. The water recovery and transportation of kaolin mines is also used in the UK. Its main advantages are: simple mining process, simple equipment and high labor productivity. The pulping process of the concentrator is carried out in advance, and the selection and integration are integrated. The peeling of the upper cover is dry stripping.
Underground mining mines such as the various mines affiliated to Suzhou China Kaolin Company and the Qingshan Baimu Mine in Wu County, according to the characteristics of soft and thick ore bodies, have been using stratified caving for many years, each layer from the roof to the floor, from the mining boundary or mine The block boundary is arranged to the ore discharge patio to be retracted and returned. The area of ​​the ore block is controlled at 800 to 1 000 m2, and the mining time per layer is 3 to 4 months, which can reduce the maintenance of the roadway. After the stratified mining, considering the formation of the regenerated roof, it is necessary to stop for 1 to 2 months and then mine the next layer, as shown in Figure 4.22.8. When mining, there is no need for blasting method, but with wind and handcuffs. Foreign countries can use the scraper to pick up the automatic machine along the way to carry out the mining. The marble of the kaolinite base contains pure nitrogen, which will be ejected from the crack during tunneling. Therefore, the problem of diluting nitrogen should be considered in the calculation of air volume. Precautionary measures should be taken to quickly determine the air content of the working surface and set up an automatic alarm device. Choose a good mixed ventilation method. Regarding the problem of caving, it is also more specific than the mine that generally uses the stratified caving method. Generally, mines with stratified caving method are used to form pits on the surface, accumulating rainwater and surface water, and the working face is water-spraying. The surface of the kaolin mine also forms pits and accumulates water, but the regeneration of residual minerals left after mining is topped. Water expansion can function as a water barrier, and there is very little water in the working face. However, sometimes the ore release makes the regenerative roof loose, and the uneven sinking will cause the upper accumulated water to rush out of the mud. This kind of accident has occurred frequently. Therefore, the kaolin mine must take comprehensive waterproof measures against the collapse of the surface and pay attention to the problem of caving and caving.
Hongxin is dedicated to produce reducers, hoists, crushers, Ball Grinding Mills and the equipments of screening, coal washing, metallurgy and cement, and replacement parts. Meanwhile, we provide the perform maintenance service for various series of equipments. There are 52 large-scale equipments applied into the manufacturing process, such as T200 CNC floor boring and milling machine, YK 73125 CNC molding gear grinding machine, YK322B CNC molding gear grinding machine, Y3200 gear hobbing machine, Y1600 CNC gear sharper, 4m vertical lathe, 6.3m CNC vertical lathe, T110 CNC boring machine, and 52 middle-sized productive and assistive equipments, which integrate strong manufacturing and processing capability with complete managing system of production and technology, quality management system and comprehensive testing measures.
