As we all know, zinc metal role in the national economy is enormous. There are two main sources of zinc in China. One is the recovery of waste zinc-containing metals, and the other is extraction from zinc-containing ores. However, the recycling of zinc is subject to many factors, and the number is far from meeting the demand. Therefore, it is especially important to extract zinc from ore. With the development and utilization of zinc sulfide mineral resources, the raw materials are decreasing. Among the known total reserves of zinc ore, zinc oxide ore occupies a considerable proportion. Therefore, zinc oxide ore is one of the important raw materials for extracting zinc metal. Dealing with zinc oxide ore, improving mineral processing indicators and increasing economic benefits have attracted more and more attention. Zinc oxide mineral brittle, often in very fine grain with other oxidized minerals or gangue, and contains a large amount of primary slime, and grinding operations will also produce secondary slime. Thus, the effect of zinc oxide on the flotation sludge is very large, if the mass also contains iron ore was beneficiation tend to make the process more complicated. Therefore, in the flotation process of zinc oxide, it is of great practical significance to study the effective method of removing slime. First, the nature of the ore The main metal ore minerals hemimorphite, smithsonite, hydrozincite, limonite, and it contains a small amount of galena, white lead, lead sulfate or pyrite; gangue minerals are quartz, calcite , kaolin , hydromica , dolomite, etc. The main mineral heteropolar ore, smithsonite and the like are closely symbiotic with the gangue and are inlaid with each other. Zinc minerals are medium and fine unequal grain inlays. The ore is subject to the strong weathering and alteration of various factors and has a colloidal deposition and recrystallization process, resulting in the complexity of the structure and composition of the ore. Useful minerals are loose aggregates, membranous, radial and earthy, mineral brittle and easy to mud. Zinc minerals are mostly composed of limonite, which is composed of massive, vein-like intercalated gangue minerals. The mine has high iron content, serious muddyification and high zinc oxidation rate, which is extremely difficult to select ore. The results of multi-element analysis of raw ore are shown in Table 1, and the results of zinc phase analysis are shown in Table 2. The multi-element analysis results show that the main useful element of the mine is zinc, and the lead content is low, and the iron content which has a great influence on zinc recovery is high. The results of zinc phase analysis show that the ore is zinc oxide ore with an oxidation rate of >90%; the mineral composition of zinc in the ore is complex, but it is mainly produced from rhombohedrite and heteropolar ore. Table 1 Results of multi-element analysis of raw ore element Pb Zn Fe S SiO 2 A1 2 0 3 CaO MgO Quality score 0.63 9.16 15.38 1.03 32.29 5.32 20.26 6.13 Table 2 % of zinc phase analysis results Different Zinc sulfide Zinc sulfate Zinc in zinc carbonate Zinc silicate Other zinc Total zinc Quality score 0.37 0.11 6.72 1.27 0.65 9.12 Distribution rate 4.06 1.21 73.68 13.93 7.12 100.0 Second, the beneficiation test The beneficiation equipment used in the test includes XMQ-240×90 cone ball mill , XOY-73 type 2100×1050 shaker, XFD type 3L, 1.5L, 0.5L single tank flotation machine and XFGC115-35, 50-100 type hanging tank. Flotation machine. The test water is tap water. In addition to the collector and foaming agent , the ore dressing agent is of analytical grade. In this test, the unit test method was adopted, and the grade and recovery rate of zinc were used as test index criteria. (1) Effect of slime on zinc oxide flotation Sludge generally refers to fine particulate matter having a particle size of -18 μm. A series of special behaviors of fine particles (sludge) cause the flotation rate to slow down, the selectivity to deteriorate, the recovery rate to decrease, and the flotation index to decrease. Therefore, some measures must be taken to eliminate and prevent the impact of slime on flotation. The zinc oxide ore is floated by amine method, and the slime is compared. Due to the influence of slime, the consumption of chemicals is increased, and the selectivity is lowered, which hinders the floating of coarse minerals. Therefore, most of the zinc oxide flotation plants at home and abroad are preliminarily demineralized. At present, the largest and the second largest Lanping lead-zinc mine in Asia must be de-sludged before zinc oxide flotation. However, desilting is accompanied by a large loss of metal. The grade of zinc in the slime is generally similar to that of the ore. This is one of the main reasons for the low flotation index of zinc oxide ore. Therefore, reducing the loss of zinc in the slime has become a key technology for the beneficiation workers to improve the zinc oxide flotation index. (2) Contrast test between mud removal and no mud removal Ammonia flotation of zinc oxide ore, if de-sludged, will be followed by a large loss of zinc metal; if not de-sludge, zinc oxide minerals are greatly affected, or even can not be selected. In order to verify the effect of de-sludge on the zinc floatation of the amine method, a comparative test of de-mudging and non-de-sludge was carried out. The test procedure is shown in Figure 1, and the test results are listed in Table 3. Table 3 Comparison of de-mud and non-de-sludge test results Desliming amount product name Yield Zinc grade Zinc recovery 0 Zinc coarse concentrate 33.47 9.83 35.56 Tailings 66.53 8.96 64.44 Raw ore 100.0 9.25 100.0 15.64 Zinc coarse concentrate 26.73 26.75 77.97 mud 15.60 6.37 10.84 Tailings 57.67 1.78 11.19 The test results show that the ore is not directly desilted and the flotation of zinc oxide has no sorting effect, and the grade of zinc oxide coarse concentrate is almost the same as that of the original ore. The flotation performance of zinc oxide ore after de-liming is greatly improved. The reason is that because the ore is high in iron and muddy, the surface of the slime is negatively charged, and a large amount of chemicals are adsorbed, which increases the consumption and reduces the selectivity, which hinders the floating of the coarse-grain zinc oxide mineral. (III) Contrast test of flotation desilting and shaker desilting There are many methods for de-sludge in industrial production. There are single de-slipping buckets, spiral classifiers, spiral chutes, hydrocyclones, cone classifiers, shakers and flotation, or some two or several. Combined. In general, shakers are often used in laboratories for desliming. It is not only effective, easy to control, and simple. Therefore, this study carried out a comparative test of two deliming methods of flotation and shaker. The test procedure is shown in Figure 2, and the test results are listed in Table 4. When flotation de-sludge, the modifier Yt is a common modified alkaline substance, the amount of which is 1500g / t; the collector Ym is a new type of modified hydrocarbon-based oxyacid reagent, the amount of which is 250g / t; The amount of pine oil was 15 g/t. The deliming contrast test results show that when the de-sludge yield is about 16%, the loss of zinc metal by the flotation de-sludge is less than that of the shaker. That is to say, the effect of flotation desilting is better. (4) Flotation desilting test 1, adjuster type selection The test procedure and the chemical conditions of the flotation desliming regulator type are shown in Fig. 2. During the test, the amount of fixed collector Ym was 250g/t, and the amount of pine oil was 15g/t. The modifiers used in the test were Yt, sodium sulfide and sodium carbonate, respectively. The typical test results in Table 5 show that the slurry environment composed of the modifier Yt is more conducive to reducing the loss of zinc metal in the slime. Table 4 Comparison of test results of flotation desalination and shaker desilting Desliming method product name Yield Zinc grade Zinc recovery Flotation desilting mud 15.83 6.42 11.06 Zinc feed to mine 84.17 9.71 88.94 Raw ore 100.0 9.19 100.0 Shaker mud 16.21 9.63 17.03 Zinc feed to mine 83.79 9.07 82.97 Raw ore 100.0 9.16 100.0 Table 5 Typical test results of flotation desliming regulator type Type and amount of conditioner / (g·t -1 ) product name Yield Zinc grade Zinc recovery Yt 1500 mud 16.04 6.20 10.77 Zinc feed to mine 83.96 9.82 89.23 Raw ore 100.0 9.24 100.0 Sodium sulfide 1500 mud 16.43 10.19 18.35 Zinc feed to mine 83.57 8.92 81.65 Raw ore 100.0 9.13 100.0 Sodium carbonate 1500 mud 15.20 8.82 14.47 Zinc feed to mine 84.80 9.34 85.53 Raw ore 100.0 9.26 100.0 2, collector type test The choice of flotation desmeable collectors is very important. During the test, the amount of fixing agent Yt was 1500g/t, and the amount of pine oil was 15g/t. The test procedure is shown in Figure 2, and the test results are listed in Table 6. The test results show that when the dosage of de-sanding collector is similar, the de-sludge yield is about 16%. Compared with the three collectors Ym, Tal oil and petroleum sulfonic acid, the YM deliming effect is the best, zinc metal. The loss in the slime is minimal. Table 6 % of flotation desliming collector type test results Type and amount of conditioner / (g·t -1 ) product name Yield Zinc grade Zinc recovery Ym250 mud 15.95 6.34 11.01 Zinc feed to mine 84.05 9.72 88.99 Raw ore 100.0 9.18 100.0 Tal oil 260 mud 16.27 10.15 17.90 Zinc feed to mine 83.73 9.05 82.10 Raw ore 100.0 9.23 100.0 Petroleum sulfonic acid 240 mud 16.18 11.27 19.94 Zinc feed to mine 83.82 8.73 80.06 Raw ore 100.0 9.14 100.0 3, collector dosage test Under the condition that the amount of fixed regulator Yt is 1500g/t and the amount of pine oil is 15g/t, the relationship between the amount of Ym of deagglomerating collector and the loss rate of zinc and the amount of degumming indicates that the amount of collector Ym is too low. The amount of mud is too small; the amount of collector Ym is too high, and the amount of mud removal is not increased. Therefore, the amount of the collector Ym is preferably 250 g/t. (5) Closed circuit test The whole process closed-circuit test of zinc oxide flotation was carried out on the basis of determining the conditions of flotation desliming test (see Figure 4). Among them, E-5 is a modified alkylamine zinc oxide antimony collector. The test results in Table 7 show that the flotation de-sludge can not only obtain zinc concentrate with zinc grade of 34.65% and recovery rate of 82.47%, but also has stable operation, good reproducibility and advanced selection index. Table 7 % of closed circuit test results product name Yield Zinc grade Zinc recovery mud 16.24 6.08 10.70 Zinc concentrate 21.97 34.65 82.47 Tailings 61.79 1.02 6.83 Raw ore 100.0 9.23 100.0 Third, the conclusion (1) Flotation of a high-oxidation refractory zinc ore in Sichuan by amine method is greatly affected by the slime, and there is basically no obvious sorting effect. (2) Compared with the desilting of the shaker, the flotation de-sludge can reduce the loss of zinc metal in the slime by using flotation de-sludge. (3) The results of the closed-circuit test show that the refractory zinc oxide ore is de-sludged with Yt as the adjusting agent and Ym is used as the collector, and the de-sludge effect is better, which makes the zinc oxide flotation smooth.
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